Paolo Matteuzzi from Zaha Hadid Architects explores beauty, sustainability and cyberspace as the future of architecture

Paolo Matteuzzi from Zaha Hadid Architects explores beauty, sustainability and cyberspace as the future of architecture - an interview by Ahlem Balghouthi and Deniz Kaya

1. In nature, structure and aesthetics are inseparable. Every element serves both a functional and a visual purpose. How does Zaha Hadid Architects draw from natural systems to achieve this same harmony in architecture where form, function, and beauty coexist without distinction? 

At ZHA, we believe that nature offers a profound lesson in the integration of form and function, and we draw from that philosophy extensively. While nature doesn't create beauty with intention, it uses form to fulfill functional needs—Beauty, for us, is not an aesthetic addition but rather an inherent outcome of rigorous research into the relationships between form, function and engineering. 

When designing, we rely on the timeless principles of Vitruvius—firmitas (strength), utilitas (utility), and venustas (beauty)—and see them as a continuous dialogue. In our most successful projects, these principles are not separate but seamlessly interwoven, allowing them to inform each other. Beauty emerges as a natural byproduct of solving problems creatively and thoughtfully. 

2. Zaha Hadid Architects is known for pushing architectural boundaries with bold, innovative materials. How do you balance this ambition with sustainable practices? Do you foresee a shift in material choices in the near future? 

Many of the buildings we create today are echoes of modern architecture’s exploration of materiality, but we are gradually moving toward a more localized, vernacular approach. The architecture of the future needs to embrace materials that are not only innovative but also sustainable and rooted in their specific environments. We increasingly focus on sourcing materials locally, drawing on the expertise and craftsmanship of regional manufacturers. 

The idea of the "international language" in architecture, where standardized materials and construction techniques are applied universally, has had its time. However, this approach is not sustainable in the long run. Moving forward, it's essential to recognize the significance of local expertise and the materials that are available in the surrounding environment. This shift requires us to rethink the way we design and build, as we integrate more innovative, softer technological advancements—such as local manufacturing and more refined engineering techniques—into the design process. 

Sustainability is not just about the materials we use, but how we can design structures that are in dialogue with their environments and minimize their ecological footprint. This approach allows us to push the boundaries of what’s possible while also staying mindful of the resources we consume and the lasting impact we have on the planet. 

3. Looking ahead, what emerging innovation or field do you see as the next game changer in architecture? What advice would you offer to aspiring architects who want to be at the forefront of that transformation?

Offsite technology, such as modular construction, is undoubtedly embedded in the future of architecture. But what is even more exciting is the potential of additive manufacturing—specifically 3D printing—and robotic assembly. These innovations allow for the creation of components that are more precise and can be produced in new, more sustainable ways, opening up endless possibilities for architectural form and function. 

Additionally, we are on the cusp of a major shift in how architects design spaces, not just in the physical world but also in the virtual realm. We are beginning to see the importance of cyberspace in architecture. As the digital world expands, architects will be tasked with designing not only physical spaces but virtual ones as well—spaces that might not even require a physical location to exist. Every architectural project could one day have a “twin” in cyberspace, where digital replicas of buildings serve new purposes, such as facilitating activities that do not necessarily need a physical space to function. 

This “cyber-physical” approach could profoundly influence spaces like universities where virtual environments allow for limitless interactions that complement or even replace physical ones. Aspiring architects should embrace this merging of the digital and physical realms, as the future of architecture will require fluency in both. My advice is to explore digital tools, keep an eye on technological advancements, and understand how the virtual space can enhance or reimagine the way we interact with the built environment.